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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Examining epigenetic aging in the post-mortem brain in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Gauri G Shastri1,2, Gustavo Sudre1, Kwangmi Ahn1

  • 1Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study found no evidence of altered epigenetic aging in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in brain or peripheral tissues. Epigenetic clocks accurately predicted age, but ADHD diagnosis did not correlate with accelerated or delayed biological aging.

Keywords:
ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder)DNA methylationbiological ageepigenetic ageepigenetic clockpostmortem brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Epigenetic clocks estimate biological age using DNA methylation.
  • Previous studies show altered epigenetic aging in other neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition lacking epigenetic aging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epigenetic aging in post-mortem brain and peripheral tissues of individuals with ADHD.
  • To determine if ADHD is associated with accelerated or delayed biological aging.
  • To identify the best-performing epigenetic clocks for different human tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Applied four epigenetic clocks to DNA methylation data from ADHD and control groups.
  • Analyzed cortical (anterior cingulate cortex) and striatal (caudate) brain tissue, blood, and saliva.
  • Assessed associations between ADHD diagnosis and epigenetic age, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic clocks accurately predicted chronological age across all analyzed tissues.
  • No significant association was found between ADHD diagnosis and altered epigenetic aging in brain or peripheral tissues.
  • Findings remained consistent after accounting for comorbidities and medication use.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides no evidence for altered epigenetic aging in ADHD.
  • Potential reasons for null findings include tissue/region specificity, age range, and counteracting developmental processes.
  • Further research is needed to explore the complex relationship between ADHD, brain development, and epigenetic modifications.