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HIVAC (HIV-associated cardiomyopathy): An overlooked complication of HIV in developing countries

Manish Kharel1, Anukul Subedi1, Md Fahad Hossain2

  • 1Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal Kathmandu Nepal.

Clinical Case Reports
|October 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Early treatment for heart failure in HIV patients is vital. Prompt cardiac monitoring in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can prevent severe complications like HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVAC) is a severe complication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • Pathology has shifted from systolic to diastolic dysfunction with the advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART).
  • Etiologies vary based on viral load, immune status, ART availability, and socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early cardiac monitoring in HIV patients.
  • To present a case of HIVAC in an untreated HIV patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 65-year-old male with untreated HIV.
  • Diagnosis of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Assessment of hemodynamic instability and immune response.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with hemodynamic instability.
  • HIVAC was diagnosed, attributed to poor immune response and opportunistic infection (pulmonary TB).

Conclusions:

  • Early initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and prompt heart failure management are critical for HIV patients.
  • Endomyocardial biopsy can guide treatment if resources permit.
  • Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential for early detection and prevention of HIVAC progression.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVdiastolic failureheart failure

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