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  11. Advancements In Biomarkers Of Prostate Cancer: A Review

Advancements in Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: A Review

Praise Agbetuyi-Tayo1,2, Mary Gbadebo1,2, Oluwakemi A Rotimi1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
|October 23, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification is vital. This review examines established and emerging biomarkers, including the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and urinary non-coding RNAs, for improved PCa management.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Urology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men, with significant disparities in incidence and mortality, especially among men of African descent.
  • PCa exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical behavior, necessitating precise risk stratification for effective treatment and clinical trial design.
  • Current diagnostic and prognostic tools require continuous improvement to accurately identify aggressive disease and guide therapeutic decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of established and emerging biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To assess the clinical utility of various PCa biomarkers in risk stratification and disease management.
  • To explore novel avenues, including microbiota and non-coding RNAs, for enhancing PCa understanding and detection.
Keywords:
Gleason scoreaggressivebiomarkersearly detection

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Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature on PCa biomarkers.
  • Analysis of established biomarkers integrated into clinical practice, such as Prostate Health Index (PHI), 4Kscore, STHLM3, PCA3, SelectMDx, ExoDx Prostate Intelliscore (EPI), and MiPS.
  • Evaluation of emerging biomarkers, including urinary non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation patterns, and tumor-associated microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Established biomarkers like PHI, 4Kscore, and EPI demonstrate significant roles in improving PCa risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
  • Emerging biomarkers, such as urinary non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation, show preclinical promise for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic accuracy.
  • The role of tumor-associated microbiota in PCa pathogenesis and progression is an emerging area with potential for novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A diverse array of biomarkers, both established and emerging, are crucial for accurate prostate cancer risk stratification and personalized management.
  • Continued research into novel biomarkers, including molecular and microbial factors, is essential for advancing PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
  • Integrating advanced biomarker strategies holds the key to improving outcomes and reducing mortality associated with prostate cancer worldwide.
prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen