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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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Neuroborreliosis Presenting as Urinary Retention: Case Report.

Mário Ribeiro1, Sofia Lopes2, Helena Silva1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.

Journal of Child Neurology
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Neuroborreliosis, a Lyme disease complication, can cause urinary retention and paraparesis in children. Early diagnosis and treatment with ceftriaxone are crucial for recovery, though bladder dysfunction may persist.

Keywords:
Lyme diseaseneuroborreliosisneurogenic bladdertransverse myelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is a tick-borne illness.
  • Neuroborreliosis, a rare complication, can affect the nervous system.
  • Voiding dysfunction is an uncommon presentation of neuroborreliosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of pediatric neuroborreliosis presenting with acute urinary retention and paraparesis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic process and treatment of neuroborreliosis in a child.
  • To discuss the long-term neurological sequelae, specifically neurogenic bladder.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 6-year-old male.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by serologic tests, Western blot, and intrathecal antibody synthesis.
  • Spinal MRI for acute transverse myelitis and urodynamic study for detrusor areflexia.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with acute urinary retention, paraparesis, and voiding difficulty.
  • Neuroborreliosis and acute transverse myelitis were diagnosed.
  • Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone led to recovery from paraparesis but persistent neurogenic bladder.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroborreliosis should be considered in pediatric cases of unexplained urinary retention and neurological deficits.
  • Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are essential for managing neuroborreliosis.
  • Long-term bladder dysfunction can be a sequela of neuroborreliosis-associated myelitis.