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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
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Causal associations between kidney function and aortic valve stenosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization

Wanqian Pan1, Le Zhou2, Rui Han1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Renal Failure
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Reduced kidney function, indicated by lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), may cause aortic valve stenosis (AVS). However, AVS does not appear to cause kidney dysfunction, according to this Mendelian randomization study.

Keywords:
Aortic valve stenosisMendelian randomizationchronic kidney diseaseestimated glomerular filtration rategenome-wide association studieskidney function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most prevalent heart valve disease.
  • Observational studies on AVS incidence in renal dysfunction populations yield conflicting results.
  • Causal links between kidney function and AVS require robust investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between kidney function and AVS.
  • To utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for exploring genetic associations.
  • To clarify the directionality of the causal link between kidney function and AVS.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired summary statistics for eGFR, CKD, and AVS from large biobanks.
  • Employed univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
  • Assessed pleiotropy and heterogeneity using MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and Cochran's Q tests.
  • Performed Bonferroni and FDR corrections for multiple comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted reduced eGFR showed a significant association with an increased risk of AVS.
  • The causal association between decreased eGFR and AVS risk remained significant after adjustments for multiple confounders.
  • Quality control analyses confirmed the absence of significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
  • No significant causal association was found for AVS impacting kidney function.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a potential causative risk factor for aortic valve stenosis (AVS).
  • The study provides evidence that impaired kidney function may lead to AVS.
  • Conversely, evidence does not support a causal effect of AVS on kidney function.