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Morphometric analysis of chondrocyte hypertrophy.

J A Buckwalter, D Mower, R Ungar

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume

|February 1, 1986

Summary

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Chondrocyte enlargement in the growth plate is primarily due to swelling, not just organelle increase. This study clarifies the mechanism of hypertrophic chondrocyte formation.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Skeletal Development
Histology

Background:

The mechanisms driving hypertrophic chondrocyte formation in the growth plate are not well understood.
Cell hypertrophy is typically defined by increased cell size and organelle volume.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether hypertrophic chondrocytes enlarge through true cellular hypertrophy (increased organelles) or fluid accumulation (swelling).

Main Methods:

Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs was used to quantify cell and organelle volumes.
Comparisons were made across different zones of the cartilaginous growth plate.

Main Results:

Chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone showed a >500% increase in mean volume compared to the proliferative zone.

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While organelle volume increased by 126%, cytoplasm and nucleoplasm volume increased by 779%, indicating significant swelling.

Matrix composition also changed, with decreased collagen in territorial matrix and increased collagen in interterritorial matrix.

Conclusions:

Chondrocyte enlargement in the growth plate is predominantly caused by cytoplasmic and nuclear swelling.
Organelle synthesis contributes to enlargement, but swelling is the primary driver of hypertrophic chondrocyte formation.
The observed changes do not indicate cell injury or death in hypertrophic chondrocytes.