Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2025
07:27
Optimized Incorporation of Alkynyl Fatty Acid Analogs for the Detection of Fatty Acylated Proteins using Click Chemistry
Published on: April 9, 2021
5.1K
The Biosynthesis and Applications of Protein Lipidation.
Wenlong Ding1,2, Jiayu Gu3, Wenyuan Xu1
1Life Sciences Institute, Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Chemical Reviews
|October 23, 2024
Summary
This perspective reviews protein lipidation biosynthesis, covering natural pathways and synthetic strategies. It explores methods for creating lipidated proteins in vitro and in vivo for research and applications.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Protein lipidation significantly impacts protein function by altering interactions and localization.
- Understanding lipidation biosynthesis is key to studying protein mechanisms and functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of natural protein lipidation biosynthesis pathways.
- To discuss strategies for engineering protein lipidation in cells and in vitro.
- To explore future directions in lipidation biosynthesis and applications.
Main Methods:
- Overview of natural enzymatic lipidation pathways in mammalian cells.
- Strategies for engineering modification machineries and substrates for lipidation.
- Site-specific lipidation via in vitro enzyme-mediated ligations and in vivo genetic code expansion.
- Use of small molecule tools to modulate lipidation biosynthesis.
Main Results:
- Detailed examination of enzymatic machineries and chemical linkages in natural lipidation.
- Discussion of engineered approaches for controlled protein lipidation.
- Exploration of diverse methods for achieving site-specific lipidation.
Conclusions:
- Biosynthesis of lipidated proteins is essential for molecular and functional studies.
- Multiple strategies exist for both natural and engineered protein lipidation.
- Future research holds promise for novel applications of protein lipidation.
Related Concept Videos
01:32Lipids as Anchors
5.5K
In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
5.5K
01:29Biosynthesis of Lipids
1
Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
1
01:24Overview of Lipid Metabolism
1.1K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
1.1K
01:25Protein Glycosylation
6.8K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Glycosylation occurs in...
6.8K
01:29Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways
3
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
3
01:25Lipid Catabolism
1
Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
1