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Area of Science:

  • Dairy Science and Animal Husbandry
  • Agricultural Economics
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • India is the world's largest milk producer, contributing 25% to global production, with output rising from 17 million tons (MTs) in 1951 to 230 MTs in 2023.
  • Nationwide programs since 1965, including crossbreeding with exotic breeds (Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss) and buffalo breed upgradation, have significantly boosted milk production.
  • Dairy cooperatives, an innovation by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), have connected rural producers to consumers, transforming dairy farming into a profitable enterprise and creating millions of jobs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present India's achievements in milk production, highlighting the strategies and innovations employed.
  • To outline future aspirations for milk production, export share, and sustainable practices over the next 25 years.
  • To provide an appraisal of the approaches and accosts in the Indian dairy sector.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of nationwide programs for cattle crossbreeding and buffalo breed upgradation since 1965.
  • Establishment of dairy cooperatives by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) to link producers and consumers.
  • Adoption of advanced reproductive technologies like artificial insemination (AI) with sex-sorted semen, embryo transfer, and genomic selection.

Main Results:

  • India has been the highest milk-producing nation since 1998, with 75% of milk now from crossbred cows and buffaloes.
  • Dairy cooperatives have successfully transformed subsistence farming into a profitable rural enterprise, generating millions of jobs.
  • Significant progress in disease eradication, feed and fodder development, and veterinary services has been achieved.

Conclusions:

  • India's dairy sector has demonstrated remarkable growth and transformation through strategic programs and innovative approaches.
  • Future goals include increasing milk production to 450 MTs, achieving a 15% global export share, and implementing sustainable green practices.
  • Continued deployment of advanced technologies and improved management practices will drive further achievements in milk production.