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Related Experiment Videos

Retrieval from semantic memory in Alzheimer-type dementia.

B A Ober, N F Dronkers, E Koss

    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Alzheimer's disease significantly impairs semantic memory retrieval, with performance declining as the disease progresses. Both mild and severe stages show deficits in recalling items and exhibit increased errors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline.
    • Semantic memory, crucial for knowledge retrieval, is often affected in ATD.
    • Understanding retrieval deficits is key to characterizing ATD's impact.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate semantic memory retrieval in individuals with mild and moderate-to-severe ATD.
    • To assess the sensitivity of semantic retrieval tasks to ATD presence and severity.
    • To explore the relationship between semantic memory decline and other cognitive functions.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared semantic retrieval performance (category and letter fluency) in normal controls, Mild-ATD, and MS-ATD groups.
    • Analyzed response rates, error patterns, and performance on a supermarket task.

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  • Correlated semantic retrieval performance with measures of attention, language, and memory.

    • Main Results:

    • Semantic retrieval was highly sensitive to both the presence and severity of ATD.
    • ATD groups showed reduced correct response rates and increased errors compared to controls.
    • Error patterns and performance on a supermarket task differed between Mild-ATD and MS-ATD groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Semantic retrieval deficits are a core feature of ATD, worsening with disease severity.
    • The findings suggest a progressive breakdown of semantic memory functions in ATD.
    • Declines in semantic retrieval correlate with impairments in attention, language, and general memory.