Near-infrared responsive photocatalysts for environmental remediation and energy conversion: A review

Photocatalytic technology provides a vital pathway for the sustainable and efficient removal of environmental pollutants and energy conversion. However, enhancing the near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and utilization capabilities of photocatalysts has remained a significant challenge in this field. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in NIR-responsive photocatalysts. It systematically outlines strategies for improving the NIR light absorption capacity of photocatalysts, including doping engineering, upconversion, and plasmonic resonance effects. The discussion then progresses to cover advancements in NIR-responsive photocatalytic materials, highlighting the relationship between their unique physicochemical properties and corresponding modification strategies. Furthermore, the review explores the applications and mechanisms of various NIR-responsive photocatalysts in pollutant degradation, CO₂ reduction, volatile organic compounds removal, and the green synthesis of H₂ and H₂O₂. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges faced in developing NIR-responsive photocatalysts and their broader applications, proposing future research directions to mitigate these existing barriers.