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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Kinematic Sequence Differences Between Trained Baseball Players and Untrained Adolescent Individuals.

Corey Wukelic^1,2, Sean Machak^1,3, Michael Gromeier^4,5

¹Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

|October 23, 2024

Summary

Trained youth exhibit more efficient overhead throwing mechanics than untrained peers. Continuous practice is crucial for maintaining motor proficiency in gross motor skills.

Keywords:

motor skill movement expertise overhead throwing proximal-to-distal sequence youth

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Motor Control
Human Movement Science

Background:

Overhead throwing is a fundamental gross motor skill for physical activity.
Existing research often focuses on elite athletes, neglecting untrained youth.
Understanding kinematic sequencing is key to assessing motor efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare kinematic sequencing in overhead throws between trained and untrained youth.
To identify differences in joint and segment coordination during the throwing motion.
To determine the impact of training on motor efficiency in youth throwing skills.

Main Methods:

Utilized 3D inertial sensor motion capture to record upper extremity angular velocities.
Assessed kinematic sequencing of the pelvis, trunk, shoulder, elbow, and wrist.
Employed Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests for statistical analysis of group differences.

Main Results:

Identified seven distinct kinematic sequences: two unique to trained, three unique to untrained, and two shared.
Trained individuals demonstrated a more consistent proximal-to-distal sequencing pattern, particularly at the trunk and shoulder.
Untrained individuals showed less consistency in joint sequencing, with notable overlaps between elbow/wrist and shoulder/elbow rankings.

Conclusions:

Continuous training is essential for maintaining motor proficiency beyond initial skill acquisition.
Trained youth exhibit superior kinematic sequencing and a more efficient proximal-to-distal pattern in overhead throws.
Interventions should focus on sustained practice to optimize gross motor skill development in young athletes.