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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

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The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
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Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
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Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs02:29

Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

45.3K
Brønsted-Lowry acid-base chemistry is the transfer of protons; thus, logic suggests a relation between the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. The strength of an acid or base is quantified in its ionization constant, Ka or Kb, which represents the extent of the acid or base ionization reaction. For the conjugate acid-base pair HA / A−, the ionization equilibrium equations and ionization constant expressions are
45.3K
Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

771
The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
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Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
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Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

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Bicarbonate-mediated proton transfer requires cations.

Qianbao Wu1, Na Yang2, Mengjun Xiao1

  • 1Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China.

Nature Communications
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cations enable bicarbonate to self-dissociate in near-neutral solutions, facilitating CO2 hydration and oxygen isotope exchange with water. This reveals a cation-bicarbonate interaction mechanism crucial for biological and chemical processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Near-neutral bicarbonate (HCO3-) solutions are vital in biological and chemical systems.
  • The mechanisms of interconversion between hydrated CO2, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate (CO32-) under proton-deficient conditions are not fully understood.
  • Proton transfer dynamics in these systems remain an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of cations in the dissociation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in near-neutral aqueous solutions.
  • To investigate the associated proton transfer and oxygen isotope exchange mechanisms.
  • To understand the interplay between cations, bicarbonate, and water molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Oxygen isotope-labeled Raman spectroscopy to track oxygen isotope exchange between bicarbonate (HCO3-) and water (H2O).
  • Use of crown ether to isolate bicarbonate (HCO3-) from cations, studying the effect on dissociation.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interactions between hydrated cations and bicarbonate (HCO3-).

Main Results:

  • Cations facilitate pH-independent self-dissociation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) into hydroxide (OH-) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • CO2 hydration and subsequent proton transfer drive oxygen isotope exchange between bicarbonate (HCO3-) and water (H2O).
  • Isolation of bicarbonate (HCO3-) from cations using crown ether inhibits dissociation and subsequent reactions, confirming the cation's role.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel mechanism where cations enable bicarbonate (HCO3-) dissociation and subsequent reactions in near-neutral solutions.
  • This cation-bicarbonate interplay acts as a natural proton channel, crucial for understanding various chemical and biological processes.
  • Findings provide insights into the fundamental chemistry of carbonate species in aqueous environments.