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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Implicit memory reduced selectively for negative words with aging.

Sandra L Ladd1, John D E Gabrieli1

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show a mnemonic positivity effect (MPE) in implicit memory, unlike in explicit memory. This means aging dampens negative memory processing, expanding the age-related positivity framework.

Keywords:
agingimplicit memorynegative wordspositivity effectpriming

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Older adults often exhibit a mnemonic positivity effect (MPE), recalling positive information better than negative.
  • This effect is typically observed in explicit memory (intentional recall/recognition).
  • Previous research suggested the MPE might be absent in implicit memory (unintentional recall).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the MPE in implicit memory across different age groups.
  • To determine if the MPE is present for implicit memory when it's absent for explicit memory in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Compared explicit (recognition) and implicit (word identification) memory for positive, negative, and neutral words.
  • Recruited 24 older adults (66-85 years) and 24 younger adults (18-37 years).

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed lower recognition accuracy than younger adults, with no explicit memory MPE.
  • Both groups recognized negative words best.
  • Older adults demonstrated implicit memory (priming) for positive and neutral words, similar to younger adults.
  • Younger adults showed greater implicit memory for negative words, while older adults did not differ in implicit memory across valence types.
  • Older adults exhibited reduced implicit memory for negative words compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • An implicit memory MPE was observed in older adults, even when absent in explicit memory.
  • Aging appears to dampen implicit memory for negative valence, extending the age-related positivity framework.