Therapeutic Applications of Azo Dye Reduction: Insights From Methyl Orange Degradation for Biomedical Innovations

This paper emphasizes the possible application of methyl orange reduction as a therapeutic technique, highlighting the potential of azo dye reduction in biomedical fields. The generally used azo dyes are toxic and carcinogenic; hence, they implicitly threaten the environment and health. The degradation of methyl orange, a famous example of azo dyes, is used to describe the degradation process for other azo dyes. This work discusses the ability of different methyl orange degradation methods, focusing on biocatalysts and nanomaterials, among the methods that identified enzymatic degradation with azoreductase enzymes as the method that quickly breaks down azo dyes under mild conditions as the most appropriate method, as well as its specificity as environmentally friendly. Moreover, metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold impellers increase the reducing efficiency because they offer a pivotal surface for the reduction reactions that undergo electron transfer. The complete breakdown of methyl orange is essential in biomedical usage. The strategies for treating azo dye reduction can be extended to next-generation drug delivery systems (DDS), biosensors, and therapeutic agents. Organisms involved in degradation can be functionalized to selectively degrade specific cells or tissues, thus presenting a new targeted therapy. Knowledge of degradation pathways and non-toxic products is essential in creating programs that build better and more efficient therapeutic agents. This work endeavors to illustrate the development of enzymatic and nanomaterials-based approaches to achieve sustainable azo dye decolorisation to open the gateway to developing other biomedical applications that tend to promote environmental and health-friendly solutions.