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Radiation-Induced Macrovessel/Microvessel Disease.

Jun-Ichi Abe1, Bryan G Allen2, Andreas M Beyer3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.-I.A.).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy (RT) can cause significant vascular damage, affecting both large and small blood vessels. This review explores RT-induced vascular injury, aiming to develop strategies for preventing cardiovascular complications.

Keywords:
bystander effectcarotid arterycoronary vesselslymphatic abnormalitiesmicrovasculatureradiation injuries

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • Radiation therapy (RT) is a vital cancer treatment, but it causes inevitable normal tissue damage.
  • RT-induced vascular injury, affecting macrovessels and microvessels, mimics atherosclerosis and contributes to organ toxicity.
  • Microvascular injury, particularly endothelial damage, is a key driver of RT toxicity in skin, kidney, and brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations of RT-induced vascular disease.
  • To explore the underlying signaling pathways and cellular targets of radiation injury.
  • To discuss preclinical models for studying RT-induced vascular injury and inspire prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical observations and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of radiation-induced vascular damage.
  • Synthesis of information on preclinical models and therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • RT injures both large and small blood vessels, leading to obstructive disease and organ toxicity.
  • Endothelial damage is a primary mechanism of microvascular injury and RT-induced toxicity.
  • Existing research highlights the need for better understanding and management of RT-related vascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • RT-induced vascular disease is a significant clinical challenge with diverse manifestations.
  • Understanding molecular pathways and cellular targets is crucial for developing preventative strategies.
  • Further research and preclinical models are needed to mitigate RT-related cardiovascular disease.