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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Review on Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyesters: Development and Challenges.

Nur Asnani Asri1, Nur Atirah Afifah Sezali1, Hui Lin Ong1,2

  • 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, 02600, Malaysia.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters offer sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. This review highlights their properties, applications, and the innovations driving their role in environmental sustainability.

Keywords:
aliphatic polyestersbiodegradable polymersbiodegradation rateenvironmental sustainabilitymicroplastics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing global demand for plastics necessitates sustainable alternatives to non-biodegradable materials.
  • Aliphatic polyesters are a key class of biodegradable polymers with a semi-crystalline structure.
  • These polymers can be synthesized from diverse sources, including fossil fuels, microbial fermentation, and plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current biodegradable polyesters, focusing on aliphatic polyesters.
  • To discuss their emerging applications and challenges in commercialization.
  • To emphasize innovations in biodegradable aliphatic polyesters for environmental sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biodegradable polyesters.
  • Analysis of structural properties influencing biodegradation rates.
  • Discussion of synthesis methods and application areas.

Main Results:

  • Aliphatic polyesters exhibit desirable properties: lightweight, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic.
  • Applications span packaging, medical, agricultural, wearable devices, sensors, and textiles.
  • Biodegradation rate is significantly influenced by polymer structure and environmental conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters are crucial for addressing plastic pollution and advancing environmental sustainability.
  • Continued innovation in synthesis and application is key to overcoming commercialization challenges.
  • Further research into biodegradation mechanisms will enhance their environmental impact.