Functional connectivity density of brain in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: results from a resting-state
Yang Zhang1, Yaqin Di1, Jing Chen2
1Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging & Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
Insights
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in children is linked to delayed brain maturation. This study found reduced whole-brain functional connectivity in the left temporal lobe and right cerebellum, correlating with hyperactivity in PNE patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatrics
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects children over five, causing distress.
- Delayed central nervous system maturation is a suspected cause of PNE.
- Previous research noted localized brain changes, but whole-brain functional connectivity remains understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whole-brain functional connectivity density (FCD) in children with PNE.
- To analyze global (gFCD), local (lFCD), and long-range (lrFCD) FCD patterns.
- To explore the relationship between FCD and behavioral symptoms like hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Main Methods:
- Voxel-based analysis of functional connectivity density (FCD) across the entire brain.
- Comparison of FCD metrics (gFCD, lFCD, lrFCD) between children with PNE and healthy controls (HC).
- Correlation analysis between FCD values and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores.
Main Results:
- Children with PNE exhibited decreased gFCD and lFCD in the left temporal lobe and right posterior cerebellum compared to HC.
- These reduced FCD values showed a negative correlation with hyperactivity/impulsivity scores in PNE patients.
- Findings suggest altered whole-brain functional connectivity in PNE.
Conclusions:
- Delayed brain maturation may manifest as altered whole-brain functional connectivity in PNE.
- Specific regions like the left temporal lobe and right cerebellum are implicated.
- This research offers a new perspective on the neural underpinnings of PNE.
Abstract:
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a disease characterized by involuntary urination during sleep after the age of five, causing inconvenience and psychological burden to children and their families. The onset of PNE is related to many factors, and in recent years, delayed central nervous system maturation has been considered one of the important causes of PNE. Previous studies have demonstrated functional changes in multiple brain regions in children with PNE. However, these studies either focused on changes in local brain regions or the functional connection (FC) between specific brain regions, and there is currently a lack of research on the whole brain FC in children with PNE. This study analyzed functional connectivity density (FCD) across the entire brain based on voxels and comprehensively evaluated the global FCD (gFCD), local FCD (lFCD), and long-range FCD (lrFCD). Decreased gFCD and lFCD were found in the left temporal lobe and the right posterior cerebellum in the children with PNE compared with the HC. The FCD values in these regions were negatively correlated with the scores of hyperactivity/impulsivity in the children with PNE. This study may help to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying the onset of PNE in children from a new perspective.
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