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Decoding PTEN: from biological functions to signaling pathways in tumors

Xueping Huang1, Dongyan Zhang2, Di Zhang2

  • 1School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, PR China.

Molecular Biology Reports
|October 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The tumor suppressor gene PTEN is frequently altered in human cancers, impacting cell growth and survival. PTEN

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The tumor suppressor gene Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is crucial for regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion.
  • Frequent mutations in PTEN are observed across various human cancers, disrupting essential cellular functions and promoting tumor growth.
  • PTEN's subcellular localization (nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane) dictates its diverse roles in cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the biological functions, regulatory mechanisms, and post-translational modifications of PTEN.
  • To explore the expression and regulation of PTEN in different tumor types.
  • To investigate the interactions between PTEN and environmental factors in tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PTEN's role in cancer.
  • Analysis of PTEN regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels.
  • Examination of PTEN expression and its correlation with tumor progression and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • PTEN aberrations disrupt critical cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and tumor development.
  • Mutations or deletions in PTEN are associated with poor prognosis and increased cancer recurrence.
  • PTEN expression levels show potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, treatment selection, and outcome prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PTEN's complex roles and regulatory networks is vital for cancer research.
  • PTEN's intricate involvement in tumorigenesis highlights its significance as a therapeutic target.
  • Further research into PTEN signaling pathways can deepen our comprehension of cancer development and progression.
Keywords:
Biological functionCancerPTENPost-translational modificationRegulation mechanismSignaling pathway

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