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Malformations of Cortical Development: Updated Imaging Review.

Julia M Brunelli1, Thiago J P Lopes1, Isabela S Alves1

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Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|October 24, 2024
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Summary

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are brain structural anomalies impacting neurologic outcomes. Recent advances in genetics and nomenclature aid in classifying these defects and interpreting neuroradiologic patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are structural brain anomalies disrupting normal development.
  • Patients often experience seizures, developmental delay, and cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of embryologic brain development.
  • To present the standardized nomenclature and classification system for MCD.
  • To offer insights into interpreting neuroradiologic patterns of cortical development abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of embryologic brain development.
  • Integration of recent molecular and genetic knowledge.
  • Application of standardized nomenclature for MCD classification.

Main Results:

  • Advances in genetics have refined MCD definitions and classifications.
  • Standardized nomenclature facilitates consistent categorization of cortical developmental defects.
  • Neuroradiologic patterns can be interpreted within the updated classification framework.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding embryologic development is crucial for MCD diagnosis.
  • Standardized nomenclature and classification improve the characterization of MCD.
  • This framework aids in interpreting neuroradiologic findings for diverse neurologic outcomes.