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Malformations of Cortical Development: Updated Imaging Review.
Julia M Brunelli1, Thiago J P Lopes1, Isabela S Alves1
1From the Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Adma Jafet 91, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil 01308-050 (J.M.B., T.J.P.L., I.S.A., D.S.D., H.W.L., M.G.M.M., M.F.L.D., S.S.A., P.C.P., V.T.G., J.T.T., C.T.A.); Departments of Radiology (M.G.M.M., P.C.P., L.R.L.B.O., C.C.L.) and Oncology (C.C.L.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.J.M.).
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are brain structural anomalies impacting neurologic outcomes. Recent advances in genetics and nomenclature aid in classifying these defects and interpreting neuroradiologic patterns.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Radiology
Background:
- Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are structural brain anomalies disrupting normal development.
- Patients often experience seizures, developmental delay, and cognitive impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of embryologic brain development.
- To present the standardized nomenclature and classification system for MCD.
- To offer insights into interpreting neuroradiologic patterns of cortical development abnormalities.
Main Methods:
- Review of embryologic brain development.
- Integration of recent molecular and genetic knowledge.
- Application of standardized nomenclature for MCD classification.
Main Results:
- Advances in genetics have refined MCD definitions and classifications.
- Standardized nomenclature facilitates consistent categorization of cortical developmental defects.
- Neuroradiologic patterns can be interpreted within the updated classification framework.
Conclusions:
- Understanding embryologic development is crucial for MCD diagnosis.
- Standardized nomenclature and classification improve the characterization of MCD.
- This framework aids in interpreting neuroradiologic findings for diverse neurologic outcomes.
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