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Affect and post-COVID-19 symptoms in daily life: An exploratory experience sampling study
Gerko Schaap1, Marleen Wensink1, Carine J M Doggen2,3
1Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Plos One
|October 24, 2024
Summary
Daily experiences of post-COVID-19 patients reveal that positive and negative emotions significantly influence symptom severity. Affective states impact physical and mental fatigue, cognitive function, dyspnoea, and pain throughout the day.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Medical Research
- Longitudinal Studies
Background:
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) daily experiences remain underexplored.
- Understanding symptom fluctuations is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate daily fluctuations and associations between affect and PCS symptoms.
- To explore the temporal relationship between affect and symptom severity in PCS patients.
Main Methods:
- Experience sampling methodology (ESM) used over 14 days.
- Ten previously hospitalized PCS patients completed six daily online questionnaires.
- Assessed positive/negative affect, physical/mental fatigue, cognitive function, dyspnoea, and pain in real-time.
Main Results:
- Limited temporal fluctuation observed in affect and symptoms.
- All assessed PCS symptoms were positively correlated.
- Positive affect correlated with lower symptom severity; negative affect with higher symptom severity.
- Affective states predicted symptom severity up to two hours later.
Conclusions:
- Affective states play a significant role in the daily experience of post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms.
- Interventions targeting emotional well-being may help manage PCS symptom fluctuations.
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