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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Developing enhanced immunotherapy using NKG2A knockout human pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells.

Yue Qin¹, Qi Cui¹, Guihua Sun¹

¹Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

|October 24, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetically modifying natural killer (NK) cells by knocking out the NKG2A immune checkpoint significantly boosts their ability to fight cancer and viral infections. These enhanced NK cells show potent anti-tumor effects in preclinical models.

Keywords:

CP: Immunology ESCs GBM NK cells NKG2A PSCs cancer immunotherapy embryonic stem cells glioblastoma iPSCs immune checkpoint immunotherapy induced pluripotent stem cells leukemia pluripotent stem cells

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Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

Published on: April 23, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

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Published on: February 14, 2025

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

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Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

Published on: April 23, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Therapy
Cancer Research

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy faces challenges as cancer cells exploit immune checkpoints to evade treatment.
Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for innate immunity against tumors and viruses.
NKG2A is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor expressed on NK cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell-derived NK (PSC-NK) cells lacking NKG2A.
To evaluate the enhanced anti-tumor and anti-viral functions of NKG2A-knockout (KO) PSC-NK cells.

Main Methods:

NKG2A was knocked out in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
hPSCs were differentiated into NK (PSC-NK) cells.
In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess cytotoxicity against cancer cells and virus-infected cells, and anti-tumor efficacy in a glioblastoma mouse model.

Main Results:

NKG2A knockout significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of PSC-NK cells against HLA-E-expressing glioblastoma (GBM) and leukemia cells.
NKG2A KO PSC-NK cells demonstrated increased efficacy against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells in vitro.
In vivo studies showed potent anti-tumor activity, suppressing tumor progression and prolonging survival in a GBM xenograft mouse model.

Conclusions:

NKG2A knockout in PSC-NK cells represents a promising strategy for enhancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Genetically engineered PSC-NK cells offer a potential source of readily available, 'off-the-shelf' immunotherapies due to their unlimited supply and ease of genetic modification.