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Exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents in relation to thyroid function of pregnant women: Separate and mixture
Yudiyang Ma1, Chong Miao2, Jing Wei3
1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Abstract:
The relationships between exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents and thyroid hormone (TH) levels in pregnant women are still uncertain, particularly regarding the impact of mixed exposure to PM2.5 constituents on thyroid function during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the individual and mixed effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on TH levels during pregnancy. Fluorescence and chemiluminescence immunoassays were utilized to measure serum concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnant women participating in the Fujian Birth Cohort Study (FJBCS). PM2.5 and its constituents were obtained from the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. Generalized linear regression model and mixture analysis were applied to explore the individual and mixed effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on TH levels. 13711 participants from the FJBCS were taken into the final analysis. In the context of separate exposure, an increase of one interquartile range (IQR) in PM2.5 exposure during the 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, and entire pregnancy was associated with a decrease of -0.042 (-0.050, -0.034), -0.017 (-0.026, -0.009), and -0.011 (-0.017, -0.004) in FT4 level, respectively. As well, significant negative associations were observed between FT4 level and PM2.5 constituents. Additionally, PM2.5 and its constituents were in relation to an increased risk of hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women. It is noteworthy that, in the context of mixed exposure, the weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) indices were significantly associated with both FT4 level (1st trimester: -0.031 (-0.036, -0.026); 2nd trimester: -0.026 (-0.030, -0.023); whole pregnancy: -0.024 (-0.028, -0.020)) and hypothyroxinemia risk (1st trimester: 1.552 (1.312, 1.821); 2nd trimester: 1.453 (1.194, 1.691); whole pregnancy: 1.402 (1.152, 1.713)). PM2.5 and its chemical constituents may affect thyroid function in pregnant women individually and in combination, with the effect observed during early gestational exposure being most pronounced.
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