Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

3
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
3
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

3
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
3
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

3
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
3
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

193
Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
193
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

909
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
909
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

892
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
892

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The human limbus functions as an instructive epithelial transition zone.

Research square·2026
Same author

The WEE1 inhibitor azenosertib broadly enhances efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates with topoisomerase I and microtubule inhibitor payloads.

iScience·2026
Same author

Comparative 10-year performance of mammography artificial intelligence, polygenic, and clinical breast cancer risk models in the Kaiser Permanente Research Bank.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute·2026
Same author

National Analysis of Secular Trends and Racial Disparities in Age at Kasai Hepatoportoenterostomy for Infants with Biliary Atresia, 2005-2025.

Annals of surgery·2026
Same author

Material economic hardships are associated with second-year hospitalizations after pediatric liver transplantation: Results from the SOCIAL-Tx study.

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2026
Same author

Protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a village health worker care model to reduce cardiovascular disease risk among conflict-affected populations in eastern Myanmar.

Contemporary clinical trials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
09:20

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice

Published on: July 5, 2021

3.0K

Atrial flutter and sick sinus syndrome.

Jean Jacques Noubiap1, Thomas A Dewland1, Jeffrey E Olgin1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Heart Rhythm
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial flutter (AFL) significantly increases the risk of sick sinus syndrome (SSS), syncope, and pacemaker implantation, particularly when co-occurring with atrial fibrillation (AF). Early identification of AFL can aid in predicting and managing SSS.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationAtrial flutterPacemakerSick sinus syndromeSyncope

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

14.7K
Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

570

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
09:20

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice

Published on: July 5, 2021

3.0K
High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

14.7K
Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
10:39

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Published on: August 30, 2024

570

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) impacts quality of life and necessitates pacemaker implantation.
  • Predictors for SSS remain incompletely understood.
  • Atrial flutter (AFL) is hypothesized to be a strong predictor of SSS due to shared fibrotic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between atrial flutter (AFL) and the incidence of sick sinus syndrome (SSS).
  • To assess the impact of AFL on syncope and permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation.
  • To investigate the combined effect of AFL and atrial fibrillation (AF) on SSS development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale healthcare databases from California (2005-2019).
  • Included adult patients (≥18 years) with diagnoses of AFL and/or atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographic and comorbidity factors.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed data from over 29 million individuals.
  • Both AF and AFL, individually or combined, were significantly associated with increased SSS, syncope, and PPM implantation risk (P < .001).
  • In patients with AF, concurrent AFL diagnosis heightened the risk of SSS (HR, 1.62), syncope (HR, 1.63), and PPM implantation (HR, 1.74).

Conclusions:

  • Atrial flutter (AFL) is linked to a higher risk of developing sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and its complications.
  • The risk is amplified in patients with coexisting atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • AFL may serve as a valuable marker for risk stratification in SSS prediction, prevention, and treatment.