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Related Concept Videos

Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

412
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...
412
Bile01:19

Bile

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Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
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Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

483
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
483
Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

361
The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

117
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver
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Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver

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Biliary Anatomy and Variations.

Brent T Xia1

  • 1Surgical Oncology, St. Elizabeth Healthcare, 1 Medical Village Drive, Edgewood, KY 41017, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding liver anatomy is key for safe liver resections. Surgeons must identify variations in hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bile ducts to preserve the future liver remnant and avoid complications.

Keywords:
Anatomic variationsBiliary anatomyCouinaud classificationHepatic arterial anatomyPortal anatomyVenous anatomy

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary surgery
  • Surgical anatomy
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • The liver's unique structure enables parenchymal-sparing resections for hepatic lesions.
  • Precise knowledge of hepatobiliary anatomy is essential for safe surgical dissection and preserving the future liver remnant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical role of understanding liver anatomy in surgical resections.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying vascular and biliary variations through preoperative imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional liver anatomy based on Couinaud classification.
  • Analysis of the necessity of identifying vascular, portal, and biliary variations.

Main Results:

  • Conventional anatomy prevalence: common hepatic artery (89%), hepatic arterial branches (55%), portal anatomy (92.5%), biliary anatomy (57%).
  • Preoperative identification of anatomic variations is crucial to prevent unintentional surgical injuries.

Conclusions:

  • Surgeons must possess comprehensive knowledge of liver anatomy for effective parenchymal-sparing resections.
  • Preoperative imaging and understanding of anatomical variations are vital for successful and safe liver surgery.