Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Pathogenesis of the Lesser Toes Deformities

Deformities of the lesser toes are a prevalent condition faced by orthopedic surgeons. An imbalance between the extensor and flexor muscles might cause these deformities, affecting the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) and interphalangeal joint (IPJ). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics of the MTPJ, the surrounding structures, and the pathogenesis of lesser toe deformities is crucial for ensuring the correct diagnosis and treatment of the deformities. Maintaining foot biomechanics during the different gait phases preserves the development and progressive evolution of deformities.