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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

189
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
189
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

394
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
394
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

146
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
146
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

117
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
117
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

322
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
322
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

117
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
117

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Host-pathobiont interactions in Crohn's disease.

Roberta Caruso1, Bernard C Lo2, Grace Y Chen3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. rocaruso@med.umich.edu.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|October 25, 2024
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Summary

Certain gut microbes (pathobionts) may trigger Crohn's disease by invading intestinal tissue. Host genetics and microbial location, like the mucus layer, are key factors in developing this inflammatory bowel disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The mammalian intestine hosts a complex gut microbiota, essential for host health.
  • Dysbiosis, or imbalance, in the gut microbiota is linked to inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease.
  • The specific roles of pathobionts in Crohn's disease pathogenesis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct niches occupied by intestinal symbionts and pathobionts.
  • To explore how pathobionts trigger inflammation in Crohn's disease.
  • To discuss the impact of host genetics on intestinal homeostasis and pathobiont accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and animal models.
  • Analysis of pathobiont localization within the intestinal environment (mucus layer, epithelium).
  • Examination of host genetic factors influencing intestinal barrier function and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests pathobionts associated with Crohn's disease reside in specific niches, such as the mucus layer or near the intestinal epithelium.
  • Host genetic mutations in Crohn's disease can disrupt intestinal homeostasis, facilitating pathobiont penetration and accumulation.
  • These pathobionts can trigger inflammatory responses contributing to colitis.

Conclusions:

  • Pathobionts residing in specific intestinal niches play a critical role in Crohn's disease development.
  • Host genetic susceptibility influences the interaction between the microbiota and the intestinal environment.
  • Microbiome-based interventions offer potential for precision therapeutic strategies in Crohn's disease treatment.