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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

11.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
11.9K
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.0K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

9.9K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
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Metal-Based Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Yunfei Bu1, Rong Ma1, Yaobin Wang1

  • 1UNIST-NUIST Environment and Energy Jointed Lab, (UNNU), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction. It highlights catalyst design for efficient H2O2 production, focusing on active sites and advanced materials like perovskite oxides.

Keywords:
2‐electron oxygen reduction reactionhigh‐entropy alloyshydrogen peroxidenon‐noble metal oxidessingle‐atom catalysts

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Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is energy-intensive and hazardous.
  • Emerging methods like photochemical and electrochemical synthesis offer sustainable alternatives.
  • Electrochemical synthesis via 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) is a promising route.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in electrochemical H2O2 synthesis using the 2e- ORR.
  • To discuss the role of catalyst active sites in O2 adsorption and H2O2 selectivity.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing H2O2 production efficiency and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on catalyst design for the 2e- ORR.
  • Analysis of O2 adsorption and *OOH desorption kinetics.
  • Review of advanced catalyst materials including single-atom catalysts (SACs), multi-metal catalysts, and perovskite oxides.
  • Discussion of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst design requires strong O2 adsorption and weak *OOH adsorption for high H2O2 selectivity.
  • Single-atom catalysts, multi-metal catalysts, and perovskite oxides show significant potential.
  • LSPR effects can enhance catalyst performance for H2O2 synthesis.
  • Optimized catalyst structures are key to efficient and selective H2O2 production.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical H2O2 synthesis via 2e- ORR is a viable sustainable production method.
  • Tailoring catalyst active sites is crucial for maximizing H2O2 selectivity.
  • Further research into advanced materials and phenomena like LSPR will drive commercialization.