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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Profiling Using Quantitative Real Time PCR
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Distribution of microRNA Counts Across Human Chromosomes.

Hsiuying Wang1

  • 1Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA (miRNA) gene counts vary across human chromosomes, with Chromosome X housing many disease biomarkers. This may explain gender disparities in diseases like diabetes and COVID-19.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCOVID-19.chromosomesgenesmicroRNAregression model

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
  • Understanding miRNA gene distribution across chromosomes is crucial for biological insights.
  • Previous studies have examined miRNA gene counts in various species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between miRNA gene counts and coding gene counts in human chromosomes.
  • To predict miRNA counts for human chromosomes using a regression model.
  • To analyze the chromosomal locations of miRNA biomarkers for major diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A regression model was employed to correlate miRNA and coding gene counts.
  • miRNA counts were predicted for 23 human chromosomes.
  • Chromosome locations of miRNA biomarkers for depression, diabetes, Parkinson's, and COVID-19 were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in miRNA gene distribution across human chromosomes was observed.
  • Chromosome X contains a high number of miRNA genes, particularly for diabetes and COVID-19 biomarkers.
  • miRNA biomarkers for studied diseases are located on diverse chromosomes.

Conclusions:

  • The concentration of miRNA biomarkers on Chromosome X may underlie gender-specific disease prevalence and severity.
  • This finding offers potential explanations for sex-based differences in diabetes and COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Chromosome X's role in regulating disease-associated miRNAs warrants further investigation.