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Acute Onset of Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy in Children: An Overview

Virginia Fancello1, Andrea Ciorba2, Daniele Monzani3

  • 1Otolaryngology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Pediatric Reports
|October 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric facial nerve palsy often has no clear cause but usually resolves. Infections like Lyme disease and herpesviruses are common triggers, with recovery rates generally high for children.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The facial nerve (FN) is crucial for facial muscle innervation, emotional expression, and non-verbal communication.
  • Dysfunction, particularly in childhood, significantly impacts quality of life.
  • Peripheral facial nerve palsy (FNP) in children requires understanding of causes and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on acute peripheral facial nerve palsy in pediatric patients.
  • To analyze etiologies, prognoses, and management strategies for childhood FNP.
  • To synthesize data from existing studies on pediatric FNP.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature focusing on pediatric peripheral FNP.
  • Initial search identified 882 papers; 7 met selection criteria.
  • Data from 974 children were pooled and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Idiopathic causes predominated in pediatric FNP.
  • Infective etiologies were the second most common, with Borrelia Burgdorferi and Herpesviridae identified.
  • Respiratory/ear infections and trauma were less frequent causes.

Conclusions:

  • High overall recovery rates for pediatric facial nerve palsy are observed.
  • Etiology remains unknown in a significant number of cases.
  • Evidence-based therapeutic guidelines are needed, especially for persistent FNP.

Keywords:
Bell’s palsyacute onsetchildrenemergency departmentperipheral facial nerve palsy

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