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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
Published on: May 18, 2018
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Cutaneous melanoma in situ: a review
Dimitrios Karponis1, Jilse Joshy1,2, Ioannis A Stratigos2
1Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|October 25, 2024
Summary
Melanoma in situ (MIS), or stage 0 melanoma, involves malignant melanocytes confined to the epidermis. This review covers MIS subtypes, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, highlighting high survival rates.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Cutaneous melanoma in situ (MIS), or stage 0 melanoma, is characterized by malignant melanocytes within the epidermis and epithelial adnexa.
- Key histological subtypes include lentigo maligna (LM), superficial spreading (SS) MIS, and acral lentiginous (AL) MIS, each with distinct epidemiological and etiological associations.
- While overall MIS incidence has been rising globally, trends vary by subtype and region, with LM incidence declining in the US and plateauing in England.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of cutaneous melanoma in situ (MIS).
- To summarize current understanding of MIS subtypes, including lentigo maligna, superficial spreading MIS, and acral lentiginous MIS.
- To discuss diagnostic modalities and treatment options for MIS, emphasizing the gold standard surgical approaches.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing existing data on MIS etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends from international and national studies (1990-2019).
- Review of diagnostic techniques including histology, immunohistochemistry, dermoscopy, and reflectance confocal microscopy.
Main Results:
- Melanoma in situ (MIS) encompasses distinct subtypes like LM, SS MIS, and AL MIS, with varying associations to UV exposure and skin types.
- Epidemiological data indicate a general rise in MIS incidence, though LM incidence shows regional variations.
- Surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery are the primary treatments, with high 5-year net survival rates (98.6% for AL MIS, >100% for others).
Conclusions:
- Cutaneous melanoma in situ (MIS) requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate management based on subtype.
- While surgical interventions remain the gold standard, other therapeutic options exist for specific MIS cases.
- MIS generally has an excellent prognosis with timely and effective treatment, underscoring the importance of early detection and management.
