Autism and Migraine: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Genetics
• Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and migraine are complex, heterogeneous disorders.
• Both conditions significantly affect patient and caregiver quality of life.
• Previous research suggests potential links between ASD and migraine through genetic, structural, and psychopathological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the association between autism and migraine.
• To highlight the challenges in diagnosing migraine in children and adolescents with ASD.
• To provide insights for improving clinical assessment of comorbid autism and migraine.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the link between ASD and migraine.
• Analysis of genetic, phenotypic, and clinical data.
• Examination of diagnostic challenges in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests shared genetic and phenotypic characteristics between ASD and migraine.
• Diagnostic difficulties arise from core ASD features like communication impairments and altered pain expression.
• Limited clinical studies specifically address this comorbidity in children and adolescents.

Conclusions:

• The association between autism and migraine warrants further clinical investigation.
• Improved diagnostic strategies are needed for children with ASD experiencing migraine.
• Understanding this link can enhance care and quality of life for affected individuals.