Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
Published on: December 6, 2024
Factor Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions
Igor Portoghese1, Maura Galletta1, Michael P Leiter2
1Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic represented substantial risks to hospital workers' physical and mental health. The availability of validated measures on the impact of the pandemic on workplaces is crucial for developing data-driven interventions. The primary purpose of our study was to translate it into Italian and assess factor structure, psychometric properties, and measurement invariance of the Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Scale (PEPS).
Methods:
The survey was completed by 766 workers from an Italian hospital. We examined the internal structure of the PEPS using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) techniques and testing the invariance for clinical vs. nonclinical workers.
Results:
The six-factor ESEM solution showed an excellent fit to the data (CFI=0.956, TLI=0.932, RMSEA=0.050), supporting the superiority of the ESEM solution. The factorial invariance of the PEPS across occupational roles (clinical vs. nonclinical hospital workers) was supported, and the ESEM-based McDonald's omega was good for all factors.
Conclusions:
The results from this study provided evidence for the factorial validity, reliability, and measurement invariance across occupational roles of the Italian version of the PEPS. Thus, the Italian version of the PEPS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pandemic experiences and perceptions among Italian workers.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Panic Disorder
Factorial Design
Contingency Table
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Stereotype Content Model

