Potential benefits of aortic valve opening in patients with left ventricular assist devices

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a well-known cause of impaired outcome in patients with centrifugal left ventricular assist devices (cfLVADs). The failure of the aortic valve (AV) to open at least intermittently is associated with cusp remodeling, commissural fusion, and ultimately developing AR. Our aim was to characterize patients in whom AV opening (AVO) was preserved 6 months after implantation and identify determinants related to it.

We conducted standardized echocardiography and collected clinical and laboratory tests at the outpatient clinic 6 months after implantation. We classified patients into those showing intermittently opening of the AV, every 2-3 beats, or in every cycle (AVO) and those whose AV was continuously closed (NAVO). From the 219 cfLVAD implanted in our center between March 2018 and January 2020, 156 subjects were alive and on the device after 6 months. In 2 of the reviewed echocardiograms, we could not evaluate the AV. 99 patients (64%) showed AVO compared to 55 (36%) with NAVO. The first presented higher mean arterial pressure (84 ± 10 vs. 77 ± 13 mm Hg, p = 0.002), larger LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD 57.5 ± 12 vs. 52.7 ± 13 mm, p = 0.022), a better TAPSE (15 ± 4 vs. 13 ± 4 mm, p = 0.028), and less frequently significant AR than patients with NAVO (moderate/severe AR in 6% vs. in 20%, p = 0.042). In a multiple logistic regression, a lower NYHA Class, a larger LVEDD, and a better LV ejection fraction appeared as significant predictors of AVO. After a median follow-up of 3.2 years, we found no significant impact on survival stratifying patients by AVO (log-rank p = 0.53).

AVO was associated with better RV function, lower NYHA Class, and a lower rate of significant AR. This could indicate that AVO should be pursued in LVAD patients.