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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

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ANRIL regulates retinoblastoma progression via targeting autophagy by miR-328-3p/TSC1/ULK signaling

Yang Yang1, Yuezhi Zhang1, Yanmei Fu1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Polish Journal of Pathology : Official Journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists
|October 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Long non-coding RNA ANRIL promotes retinoblastoma cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance. It acts as a sponge for miR-328-3p, activating autophagy by upregulating TSC1/ULK2 expression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood intraocular cancer.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving retinoblastoma is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL in retinoblastoma.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of ANRIL in retinoblastoma progression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ANRIL and miR-328-3p expression in retinoblastoma cells.
  • Luciferase reporter assays to confirm binding interactions.
  • Western blotting to assess protein expression and phosphorylation.
  • Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays.

Main Results:

  • ANRIL overexpression inhibited miR-328-3p and promoted autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, ATG5, BECN1).
  • ANRIL directly bound to miR-328-3p, which in turn targeted TSC1 and ULK2.
  • ANRIL overexpression increased TSC1 and ULK2 expression, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and promoted Y79 cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • ANRIL promotes retinoblastoma cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance.
  • ANRIL acts as a molecular sponge for miR-328-3p, leading to autophagy activation via TSC1/ULK2 upregulation.
  • Targeting the ANRIL/miR-328-3p axis may offer a therapeutic strategy for retinoblastoma.
Keywords:
cisplatin resistancecompeting endogenous RNAlong non-coding RNAproliferationretinoblastoma

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