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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

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Decreased Circulating Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Associated with Keratoconus.

Paulina Escandon1,2, Alexander J Choi1,2, Steve Mabry1,2

  • 1North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.

Cells
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Lower gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were found in keratoconus (KC) patients. This study suggests GnRH may influence hormonal and fibrotic responses in the cornea, potentially offering a new therapeutic target for KC.

Keywords:
biomarkerscorneal thinningcrosslinkingestrogenkeratoconussaliva

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal disease causing visual impairment.
  • The etiology of KC is not fully understood, but hormonal changes, particularly in sex hormones, are implicated.
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate circulating GnRH levels in individuals with and without KC.
  • To determine if GnRH is associated with KC pathology.
  • To explore the potential role of GnRH in modulating corneal cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma and saliva samples were collected from KC patients and healthy controls.
  • GnRH levels were measured and compared between groups.
  • Corneal fibroblasts (HKCs) from control and KC subjects were treated with GnRH in vitro to assess cellular responses.

Main Results:

  • KC subjects exhibited significantly lower GnRH levels in both plasma and saliva compared to controls.
  • This reduction in GnRH was consistent across different age groups, sexes, and KC severities.
  • In vitro studies showed GnRH treatment increased luteinizing hormone receptor expression and decreased α-smooth muscle actin in HKCs.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating GnRH levels are significantly lower in individuals with keratoconus.
  • GnRH may play a role in regulating hormonal and fibrotic processes within the corneal stroma.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and GnRH represent a potential novel therapeutic avenue for keratoconus.