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Xingyu Chen1, Zihan Wang1, Bo Zhu1

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Aging alters cancer metabolism, shifting energy pathways in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This impacts immune function and promotes tumor growth, offering new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Aging is a significant risk factor for cancer development.
  • Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of both aging and cancer.
  • The interplay between aging, metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumorigenesis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how aging-related metabolic changes influence the TME and promote cancer.
  • To characterize aging-associated metabolic plasticity in various cancer types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational approach, MMP3C (Modeling Metabolic Plasticity by Pathway Pairwise Comparison), on pan-cancer bulk RNA-seq data.
  • Analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data to validate findings.
  • Examined metabolic pathways in immune cells within the TME.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant metabolic heterogeneity across 17 aging-related cancer types.
  • Observed increased glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in older patients.
  • Found altered energy metabolism in immune cells: decreased in activated T cells/macrophages, increased in exhausted T cells, immunosuppressive macrophages, and Tregs in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Aging-induced metabolic shifts affect glucose utilization, impacting immune cell function.
  • These metabolic changes contribute to TME remodeling and promote tumorigenesis.
  • The study provides insights into aging, tumor metabolism, and TME interactions, suggesting novel therapeutic strategies.