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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Development of Personalised Immediate-Release Gel-Based Formulations Using Semi-Solid Extrusion.

Morenikeji Aina1, Fabien Baillon1, Romain Sescousse1

  • 1RAPSODEE, IMT Mines Albi, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 81013 Albi, France.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

3D printing creates personalized gel medications for preterm infants, improving dosing accuracy and safety. This novel approach ensures reliable drug delivery, overcoming limitations of manual dose adjustments.

Keywords:
agarbatch variabilitycaffeineforced degradationhydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)immediate releasepersonalised medicinesemi-solid extrusionstability

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Manual dose adjustments in neonates are prone to errors, contamination, and reduced precision.
  • Optimizing therapeutic outcomes requires accurate drug delivery, especially for vulnerable populations like preterm infants.
  • Existing methods for pediatric dosing lack the personalization needed for optimal patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate personalized, gel-based caffeine dosage forms using semi-solid extrusion 3D printing (SSE 3DP).
  • To assess the precision, reproducibility, and drug release characteristics of the 3D-printed dosage forms.
  • To demonstrate the potential of SSE 3DP for tailored neonatal medication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized agar and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to formulate hydrogels with optimal rheological properties for SSE 3DP.
  • Designed and printed personalized caffeine gel dosage forms with precise volume and content adjustments for a specific neonate.
  • Conducted reproducibility assessments across three production batches and performed forced degradation studies.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogel formulation exhibited excellent printability and shape retention.
  • Achieved high caffeine recovery (103.46%) in a personalized dose, demonstrating precise drug content control.
  • Production batches showed minimal variability, confirming process reproducibility.
  • Degradation studies indicated caffeine's chemical integrity within the gel matrix.
  • Printed dosage forms exhibited immediate-release profiles, with >80% caffeine released within 45 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing offers a precise and reproducible method for creating personalized gel-based drug delivery systems.
  • This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional manual dosing, enhancing safety and efficacy in neonatal care.
  • 3D-printed gel formulations hold significant promise for tailored pharmaceutical solutions, particularly for preterm infants.