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Observational Studies

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...

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Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

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Investigation Methods for Vocal Onset-A Historical Perspective.

Bernhard Richter¹, Matthias Echternach², Louisa Traser¹

¹Institute for Musicians' Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, and Freiburg University Medical Center, Elsässer Str. 2m, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 25, 2024

Summary

Understanding vocal onset, or "coup de la glotte," has evolved significantly since the 19th century. Modern high-speed video laryngoscopy offers insights but lacks 3D data, highlighting the need for advanced imaging like MRI.

Keywords:

high-speed video laryngoscopy ultra-fast three-dimensional MRI vocal onset voice physiology

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Published on: November 25, 2017

Area of Science:

Vocal physiology
Acoustic phonetics
Laryngology

Background:

The historical concept of "coup de la glotte," coined by Manuel Garcia, relates to vocal onset and precise tone attacks.
Early investigations lacked the technical means to study phonation onset gestures.
Modern voice research continues to explore the complexities of vocal fold vibration during phonation onset.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a historical perspective on the study of phonation onset gestures.
To examine modern methods for investigating vocal onset.
To identify current limitations and future directions in vocal onset research.

Main Methods:

Historical review of vocal onset terminology and research.
Discussion of high-speed video laryngoscopy (HSV) as a current examination method.
Exploration of advanced imaging techniques for voice analysis.

Main Results:

Manuel Garcia's "coup de la glotte" is a precursor to modern concepts of vocal onset.
High-speed video laryngoscopy is the current gold standard but has limitations in capturing 3D vocal fold dynamics.
Significant advancements in voice physiology measurement methods have occurred since Garcia's era.

Conclusions:

A historical approach aids in understanding modern vocal onset research.
Current methods like HSV do not fully capture the three-dimensionality of vocal fold vibration during onset.
Further development of ultra-fast three-dimensional MRI holds promise for resolving unanswered questions in vocal onset phenomena.