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Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Cytotoxic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro

Cytotoxic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2014

A pH-Responsive Ti-Based Local Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy.

Qinle Xiao¹, Changjun Wan¹, Zhe Zhang¹

¹College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials

|October 25, 2024

Summary

A novel titanium implant delivers doxorubicin (DOX) locally for osteosarcoma treatment. This pH-responsive system shows controlled drug release and good biocompatibility, offering a promising localized chemotherapy approach.

Keywords:

local drug delivery osteosarcoma pH-responsive drug release titanium implant

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Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Generated Hyperthermia: A Feasible Treatment Method in a Murine Rhabdomyosarcoma Model

Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Generated Hyperthermia: A Feasible Treatment Method in a Murine Rhabdomyosarcoma Model

Published on: January 13, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Oncology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer, often treated with systemic chemotherapy and surgery.
Current treatments face challenges with side effects and localized efficacy.
Titanium (Ti)-based implants offer potential for localized drug delivery (LDD).

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate a pH-responsive Ti-based LDD prototype for localized doxorubicin (DOX) release.
To assess the biocompatibility and anti-osteosarcoma efficacy of the developed LDD system.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a Ti-based LDD prototype incorporating polydopamine (PDA) for pH-responsive DOX release.
Surface characterization using FTIR, SEM, and contact angle measurements.
In vitro biocompatibility and biofunction assessment via direct and indirect cell culture with MC3T3 cells.

Main Results:

The Ti-based LDD prototype demonstrated significant pH-dependent DOX release, with ~40% release at pH 6.0 vs. ~20% at pH 7.4 after 72 hours.
The implant exhibited good biocompatibility, maintaining ~93% MC3T3 cell viability after 24 hours of direct culture.
Both direct and indirect cell culture confirmed the anti-osteosarcoma function attributed to pH-responsive DOX release.

Conclusions:

The developed Ti-based LDD prototype effectively releases DOX in a pH-dependent manner, targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment.
The implant shows promising biocompatibility and significant anti-osteosarcoma activity.
This pH-responsive LDD system represents a potential advancement in localized chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.