Fungal Keratitis in Northwestern Spain: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Outcomes

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Fungal keratitis is a significant cause of microbial keratitis, particularly in certain geographical regions.
• Understanding the specific clinical features, risk factors, and microbiological profiles is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, causative agents, and treatment strategies for fungal keratitis in Galicia, Spain.
• To analyze the incidence and outcomes of fungal keratitis in a temperate, humid region.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective case series study was conducted.
• Data from 77 confirmed fungal keratitis cases between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed from nine hospitals in Galicia, Spain.

Main Results:

• Fungal keratitis accounted for 9.9% of infectious keratitis cases, with Candida spp. being the most common pathogen (55.8%).
• Major risk factors identified were topical steroid use (29.9%), ocular trauma (19.5%), and contact with vegetable matter (11.7%).
• A significant proportion of cases (48.1%) required surgical intervention, and delayed diagnosis was common, leading to poorer outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Fungal keratitis is a notable cause of microbial keratitis in Galicia, with Candida species predominating.
• Topical steroid use, ocular trauma, and vegetable matter exposure are significant risk factors.
• Early detection and prompt treatment are essential to improve the prognosis of fungal keratitis.