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Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
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Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
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Phycocyanin-Loaded Alginate-Based Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization.

Diana-Ioana Buliga1, Alexandra Mocanu1,2, Edina Rusen1

  • 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu St., 1st District, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.

Marine Drugs
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) yielded high-purity phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis for wound dressings. This phycocyanin-loaded hydrogel showed a porous structure and sustained release, best described by the Higuchi model.

Keywords:
Spirulina platensismicrowave extractionphycocyanin extractrelease mechanismultrasonic extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Phycocyanin, a pigment from Spirulina platensis, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for wound healing.
  • Optimizing phycocyanin extraction is crucial for its application in advanced biomaterials like wound dressings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different extraction methods for Spirulina platensis phycocyanin.
  • To formulate and characterize alginate-based hydrogels loaded with phycocyanin for potential wound dressing applications.
  • To investigate the release kinetics of phycocyanin from the hydrogel formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of phycocyanin using conventional extraction (CE), direct ultrasonic-assisted extraction (direct UAE), indirect ultrasonic-assisted extraction (indirect UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).
  • Optimization of extraction parameters including temperature, time, stirring rate, and power intensity.
  • Formulation and characterization of alginate-based hydrogels loaded with MAE-extracted phycocyanin using FT-IR and SEM.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties and phycocyanin release kinetics at different pH values using various kinetic models.

Main Results:

  • MAE achieved the highest phycocyanin purity (Rp = 0.5 ± 0.002), while direct UAE yielded the highest concentration and antioxidant activity.
  • Phycocyanin-loaded hydrogels exhibited a porous structure with largely unchanged mechanical properties.
  • Phycocyanin release from the hydrogels best followed the Higuchi model, with superior fit at higher pH values (R² ≈ 1).

Conclusions:

  • MAE is an effective method for obtaining high-purity phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis suitable for biomaterial applications.
  • Alginate-based hydrogels loaded with phycocyanin demonstrate potential as wound dressings with controlled release characteristics.
  • The Higuchi model accurately describes phycocyanin release, indicating diffusion-controlled release mechanisms, particularly at physiological pH.