Microalgal Phenolics: Systematic Review with a Focus on Methodological Assessment and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Phycology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Phenolic compounds are valuable in various industries.
• Eukaryotic microalgae are increasingly studied for their potential applications.
• Accurate assessment of phenolic content in microalgae is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review and analyze the literature on phenolic content in eukaryotic microalgae.
• To identify limitations in current research methodologies and understanding.
• To explore the potential of microalgae in phenolic compound bioremediation and production.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies.
• Identification of analytical challenges, including interfering compounds in microalgal extracts.
• Evaluation of evidence for phenolic biosynthesis and metabolism in microalgae.

Main Results:

• The Folin-Ciocalteu assay is unsuitable for microalgae due to interfering compounds like chlorophyll.
• Evidence suggests simple phenolic acids in microalgae, but de novo biosynthesis pathways require more research.
• Microalgae demonstrate significant capacity for bioremediating phenolic compounds from waste streams.
• External phenolics can enhance microalgal bioactivities, offering potential for functional product development.

Conclusions:

• Standard assays need re-evaluation for microalgal phenolic content determination.
• Further research is needed to elucidate de novo phenolic biosynthesis in microalgae.
• Microalgae show promise for bioremediation of phenolic waste and production of valuable compounds.