Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin-Loaded PLGA-Coated Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Carbonate Scaffolds

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Developing synthetic bone substitutes that mimic native bone structure and prevent infection remains a significant challenge.
• Existing bone graft materials often lack integrated antimicrobial properties or optimal structural integrity.
• There is a critical need for advanced bone void fillers with enhanced osteoconductivity and infection resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prepare and characterize novel 3D porous scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite-functionalized calcium carbonate.
• To incorporate silver nanoparticles and simvastatin (SIMV) for antimicrobial and osteogenic effects.
• To evaluate the in vitro bioactivity, drug release, and antimicrobial efficacy of the developed scaffolds.

Main Methods:

• Foam replica method using polyurethane sponges, followed by polymer removal and sintering.
• Coating with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) for enhanced mechanical properties.
• Characterization using XRD, FE-SEM, ATR FT-IR, Brillouin and Raman microscopy; assessment of silver and SIMV loading, release, bioactivity, and antimicrobial activity.

Main Results:

• Scaffolds exhibited structural and spectral characteristics analogous to bone tissue.
• Demonstrated new hydroxyapatite growth, indicating good bioactivity.
• Showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
• Successful incorporation and controlled release of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin.

Conclusions:

• The developed hydroxyapatite-functionalized calcium carbonate scaffolds loaded with silver nanoparticles and simvastatin show significant potential for bone repair.
• These multifunctional scaffolds offer a promising solution for bone regeneration with integrated infection control.
• Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic efficacy in bone defect treatment.