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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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CRISPR/Cas system-mediated base editing in crops: recent developments and future prospects.

V Edwin Hillary1, S Antony Ceasar2

  • 1Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, 683 104, India.

Plant Cell Reports
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Base editing offers precise plant genome modification without double-strand breaks, overcoming limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. This technology advances crop improvement by enabling targeted base conversions for enhanced yield and quality.

Keywords:
Adenine base editorBase editingCRISPR/CasCropsCytidine base editorGenome editingPlants

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Genome editing
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 enables targeted plant genome alteration for gene function studies and crop yield improvement.
  • Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways have limitations in plant genome editing efficacy.
  • Base editing emerges as a precise alternative, facilitating single base conversions without donor templates or double-strand breaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of various base-editing systems, including DNA and RNA base editors.
  • To outline current applications of base editing for crop improvement.
  • To discuss limitations and future directions for base editing in enhancing crop quality.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CRISPR/Cas9 and base-editing technologies.
  • Analysis of DNA base editors (cytidine and adenine) and RNA base editors.
  • Exploration of base-editing applications in crop improvement strategies.

Main Results:

  • Base editing systems provide precise genetic modifications by converting single DNA or RNA bases.
  • Various DNA and RNA base editors have been developed, offering different editing capabilities.
  • The review details the mechanisms and types of base editors currently available.

Conclusions:

  • Base editing presents a powerful tool for precise plant genome engineering, overcoming CRISPR/Cas9 limitations.
  • Applications in crop improvement focus on enhancing yield and quality traits.
  • Further research into limitations and future directions will optimize base editing for agricultural advancements.