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Efficient electroporation in primary cells with PEDOT:PSS electrodes.

Asmaysinh A Gharia1,2, Clinton J Bradfield2, Elise P W Jenkins1

  • 1Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Science Advances
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new microelectrodes using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for enhanced cell delivery. This method improves cell viability and transfection efficiency for research and cell therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Pulsed electric field electroporation is a method for delivering macromolecules into cells.
  • Conventional electroporation faces challenges with cell viability and heterogeneity.
  • There is a need for improved methods for efficient and precise macromolecule delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce microfabricated electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS for enhanced cell electroporation.
  • To demonstrate improved cell viability and transfection efficiency using PEDOT:PSS electrodes.
  • To showcase the delivery of Cas9 protein, guide RNA, and plasmid DNA into various cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microelectrodes using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).
  • Application of pulsed electric fields with PEDOT:PSS electrodes for cell membrane permeabilization.
  • Delivery of macromolecules including Cas9 protein, guide RNA, and plasmid DNA into cell lines and primary cells.

Main Results:

  • PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes significantly increased cell viability compared to conventional methods.
  • Transfection efficiency was substantially enhanced using the novel electrode material.
  • Successful delivery of diverse macromolecules into difficult-to-transfect cell types was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • PEDOT:PSS microelectrodes offer a promising approach for efficient and viable macromolecule delivery into cells.
  • This technology can accelerate the study and therapeutic applications of cell therapies and personalized medicine.
  • The developed method provides a rapid way to modify challenging cell types for research and therapeutic platforms.