Microbes: Drivers of Chenpi manufacturing, biotransformation, and physiological effects

Chenpi holds a rich history of both edible and medicinal applications worldwide, garnering increased attention from researchers in recent years due to its diverse physiological effects. While current research predominantly exploresed its chemical composition and physiological effects, there remains a notable gap in knowledge concerning its manufacturing, characteristic chemical substances, and the underlying mechanisms driving its physiological effects. In this review, the impacts of microbes on the manufacturing, biotransformation, and physiological effects of Chenpi were summarized, as well as the present status of product development. Furthermore, this review engaged in an in-depth discussion highlighting the challenges and shortcomings in recent research, while proposing potential directions and prospects. Additionally, the claim that "The longer the aging, the better the quality" of Chenpi was scientifically evaluated for the first time, providing a solid theoretical foundation for advancing the Chenpi industry.