A new enhancer for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: PCSK9 inhibition

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment, improving clinical outcomes and prolonging patient survival. However, most patients exhibit low response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, highlighting the urgent need for new enhancers. Increasing data now demonstrate that inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a serine proteinase, can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.