Stress-Induced Evolution of the Nucleolus: The Role of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS) Transcripts

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The nucleolus is crucial for ribonucleic particle assembly and cellular stress adaptation.
• Its multifunctionality arises from unique biogenesis processes.
• The nucleolus functions as a multilayered biomolecular condensate via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review nucleolar alterations during cellular stress.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the nucleolar response to stress.
• To investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs from the IGS rDNA in nucleolar stress response.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on nucleolar biology and stress response.
• Analysis of molecular features of nucleolar adaptation.
• Examination of the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in stress conditions.

Main Results:

• Cellular stress induces significant changes within the nucleolus.
• The nucleolus exhibits specific molecular responses to abnormal conditions.
• Long non-coding RNAs transcribed from the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA (IGS rDNA) play a role in nucleolar stress adaptation.

Conclusions:

• The nucleolus is a dynamic organelle responding to stress through LLPS.
• Understanding nucleolar stress responses is vital for comprehending cellular adaptation.
• IGS rDNA-derived lncRNAs are implicated as key regulators in nucleolar stress management.