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Elimination of persistent simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) virus infection in patas monkeys
Abstract:
Devastating epizootics of simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) have been iatrogenically initiated in captive colonies of macaque monkeys by strains of SHF virus emanating from asymptomatic persistently infected patas monkeys. We have found that persistently infected patas monkeys can be cleared of their infection by superinfection with strains of SHF virus which cause acute infections in this species. All 20 persistently infected animals subjected to this procedure have been cleared of their infection within 3 months. These animals were shown to be virus free by the most sensitive in vitro and in vivo tests currently available and periodic tests of serum from these animals over several years have shown them to remain virus free. Superinfection has in some cases caused some adverse clinical symptoms (anorexia, lethargy, facial edema, dehydration, and mild subcutaneous hemorrhages), but with supportive care, no fatal infections have occurred. Thus, superinfection with acute strains of SHF virus is a highly effective method of eliminating persistent infection in patas monkeys.
Insights
Superinfection with acute simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHF) strains effectively clears persistent SHF virus infections in patas monkeys. This method eradicates the virus, preventing future epizootics in captive macaque colonies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Primate Infectious Diseases
- Pathogen Eradication Strategies
Background:
- Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHF) causes devastating epizootics in macaques.
- Asymptomatic, persistently infected patas monkeys are a source of SHF virus.
- Iatrogenic transmission in captive settings poses significant risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of superinfection for clearing persistent SHF virus infections in patas monkeys.
- To assess the safety and long-term effectiveness of this clearance method.
- To mitigate the risk of SHF epizootics originating from patas monkey reservoirs.
Main Methods:
- Patas monkeys with persistent SHF virus infections were superinfected with acute SHF virus strains.
- Virus clearance was monitored using sensitive in vitro and in vivo assays.
- Animals were observed for clinical signs and followed for several years post-treatment.
Main Results:
- All 20 persistently infected patas monkeys were cleared of SHF virus within 3 months.
- Treated animals remained virus-free in long-term follow-up studies.
- Superinfection caused transient, mild clinical symptoms, with no fatalities.
Conclusions:
- Superinfection with acute SHF virus strains is a highly effective method for eliminating persistent infections in patas monkeys.
- This strategy offers a viable approach to control SHF virus reservoirs.
- Reducing persistent infections in patas monkeys can prevent devastating epizootics in susceptible macaque populations.